Tuesday, 3 March 2020

Life on the Weald - February 2020




Life on the Weald - February 2020

There were signs that winter was drawing to a close with the hellebores in flower in the garden at home.

Hellebores at home in the garden

And we were enjoying the fruits of last summer/autumn - it was time to try the last of the stored squashes, a Crown Prince. This is one of the best squashes both for eating and storing (no wonder they only put 5 seeds in a packet for almost £2.50!)


Crown Prince - ready for roasting


The beginning of the month saw Seedy Sunday, an annual event organised by local volunteers, where you can swap or buy seeds from fellow plot holders and suppliers.  I fear I may have given in to temptation and bought rather too many seeds.

Amongst the seeds I bought were several varieties of chilli peppers, some of which I have sown in pots at home in the conservatory.  I have also sown some parsnip seeds in cardboard tubes, as they tend to develop long tap roots early in their growth. Unfortunately, however, they are notoriously difficult to germinate and some growers suggest soaking the seeds in tepid water overnight before sowing.  I will give them at least 28 days before trying again.

At the allotment, the soil is very wet at this time of year and and it's not a good time for digging but I felt I had to make a start in preparing the areas for early potatoes and brassicas as there are a lot of deep rooted and perennial weeds.

6 February
Where the runner beans were last year and our site for the brassicas for 2020

6 February
making a start on the brassica patch

It was heavy going and hard work but the following day it felt that some progress was being made

7 February
Progress with the brassica patch

7 February
some progress with the brassica patch


I have also made a start clearing the area around the pond where I will plant some ground cover plants and create a patch for wild-flowers as well as clear a sitting out area so there will be somewhere pleasant to relax during the spring and summer months.


7 February


I bought some organic mangetout seeds at Seedy Sunday harvested by the organic gardeners' group at The Weald so I am hoping these will do well.  These seeds are the round seed variety (not wrinkled) and are deemed suitable for sowing in wet autumn and winter conditions.  I sowed some indoors in pots on 2nd February. I also managed to get some more Aquadulce broad bean seeds at Seedy Sunday and also sowed these in small pots indoors in the unheated conservatory on 2nd February.




By 10 February they had germinated and some were showing through
10 February Broad beans (Aquadulce)

10 February Broad beans
I also prepared the 2nd early Nicola potatoes for chitting in old egg boxes and put them by the window in the garden shed alongside the Duke of York.


10 February Nicola 2nd Earlies

Storm Ciara struck around this time with lots of rain and gusting winds up to 60mph.  Fortunately we sustained little damage, but a near neighbour lost their fruit cage which had blown over several plots until stopped by the fence where the allotment adjoins Hove Park School.
11 February - post Storm Ciara
Our immediate neighbour had built a greenhouse last year with a wooden base and acrylic windows - storm Ciara had manage to overturn it
11 February
Few of the polytunnels on site survived!  But despite the winds all our crops seem to be intact - although the broad beans and the broccoli are at a rather jaunty angle and may need staking or tying up.

11 February
I also made a half-hearted attempt to clear some more weeds from the potato patch but the ground was so wet, I soon abandoned it.

11 February - potato patch
I was able to harvest some of the remaining kalettes which have been a great success.

11 February - kalettes

By the middle of the month, the broad beans at home were doing well and really needed to be hardened off outside, but after Storm Ciara, Dennis was on the way!  I wasn't sure that the beans were ready for a battering, so they stayed indoors.


15 February Aquadulce broad beans
Despite storms Ciara and Dennis we had crocuses and anemones in addition to the hellebores to cheer us up in the garden at home.


Garden flowers 16 February

And the early daffs were out and the Camellia just coming into flower.  Camellia's don't thrive on our soil - like the blueberries they require an acid soil.  When planting I dug a hole and filled with ericaceous compost and I mulch the plants from time to time with more but in the growing season I also water the plant including the leaves with a liquid ericaceous feed. I must remember to do the same for the blueberries.




Braving the elements, I ventured to the plot on 18 February with vegetable scraps for the wormery.
18 February - the worms are doing their job
The worms are very efficient in breaking down the vegetable matter to produce good compost and the run off, known as Worm Tea, is a great nitrogen rich liquid fertiliser (which needs to be diluted before being applied).

Towards the end of the month, the broad beans sown in the open in the autumn were beginning to flower.  This brought mixed feelings - one of joyful anticipation of a good early crop but also of fear of a sudden frost which could undo all the hard work.


Autumn sown broad beans (Aquadulce) 18 February

Fingers crossed!


Autumn sown broad beans (Aquadulce) 18 February
With the passing of storms Ciara and Dennis (and before the arrival of Ellen), I decided to plant out the current crop of Aquadulce sown at home as they were getting rather leggy.


18 February - winter home sown broad beans planted out
This late February visit to the plot revealed that the purple sprouting broccoli was beginning to sprout.


Early purple sprouting broccoli 18 February
Pigeons had begun to peck at the tender top leaves but thankfully, all the heads were intact.  I had not covered or protected the plants and with all these strong winds I don't think any netting or fleece would have survived.  The wind had managed to lift all the netting from over the redcurrant bushes in my fruit cage despite being well secured with clips.


Early purple sprouting broccoli 18 February

I folded some of the larger top leaves over the flowering heads in a probably vain attempt to hide them from the birds.


Well it worked for a couple of days!  But I didn't want to take any further risks, so I picked the main heads which will encourage the side shoots and they were absolutely delicious. English early purple sprouting broccoli is one of the best vegetables ever. 


first pickings of purple sprouting broccoli 2020
18 February

first pickings of purple sprouting broccoli 2020
18 February


The weather this month has been absolutely atrocious, although in the south east we have fared much better than those communities in the Wales and the north of England and the Midlands where there has been severe flooding as major rivers have burst their banks.  We have had so much rain and high winds here - with the pebble beach blown several feet upwards on to the promenade - that we have made few trips to the allotment.


And when we have, the ground is so waterlogged it is difficult to dig - you just get stuck in the clay mud with heavy boots which are difficult to lift.  We did make one final excursion though on Saturday 22nd and despite the strong winds, and with the help of Luke, did manage to dig up half of the raspberries, remove the couch grass from around the roots, which was entangling them, and replant the canes. But after an hour and a half enduring the wind and increasing drizzle abandoned the task and this was our last visit of the month.


There were however some tasks that could be carried out at home.  On 21 February I sowed some kalettes in seed trays in the unheated conservatory.  I also sowed some leeks.

I said that I had gone a little crazy at Seedy Sunday and had bought rather a lot of chilli pepper seeds!  The ones I sowed this month are:

Chocolate Habanero - 425,000 SHU
Hungarian Yellow Wax - 5/15,000 SHU
Purple Cayenne - 50,000 SHU
Trinidad Scorpion - 1,460,000 SHU


The numbers, as given on the packet indicate the heat level on the Scoville scale which is a measurement of the pungency (spiciness or "heat") of chili peppers  recorded in Scoville Heat Units (SHU) based on the concentration of capsaicinoids.
I have more which require later sowing!

On 28 February I also sowed some more leeks and some early ripening baby plum tomatoes and an early bush variety of cherry tomatoes.

I had intended a last visit of the month but this idea was abandoned with the arrival of Storm Jorge!  After Ciara and Dennis  we had been expecting Storm Ellen but she hadn't been officially named when on 27 February, the Spanish authorities named Jorge and the Met Office has gone along with this.  Jorge is predicted to be less windy than Ciara or Dennis but much colder!


John Austin

Hove, February 2020

Sunday, 16 February 2020

Life on the Weald - January 2020

Life on the Weald - January 2020




Tuesday 7 January was a dry bright day, so I took the opportunity to do a bit of tidying up and began to clear some of the area where brassicas had been growing, as this will be the main site for my potato crop this year. 


7 January - making a start in clearing the brassica bed

7 January - perhaps enough space for a couple of rows of potatoes
I was still harvesting Brussels sprouts, kalettes and some cavolo nero but have now cleared the purple curly kale plants and we have had our last picking.

I'm afraid a lot of perennial weeds have taken hold around the sprouts.  They should have been hand weeded in the summer but were neglected and became too big to remove without damaging the brassicas.

The ground was very heavy to dig as we have had so much rain.  I also lifted a few leeks but they were all infested with alium leaf fly.  I suppose I was able to salvage about one third of the edible parts.


7 January - infested leeks
The broad beans sown in October (Aquadulce) were doing fine....


7 January -  October sown broad beans

7 January - October sown broad beans
.... but mice (or some other invader) have dug up all the ones sown in November and December.  The mice seem to wait for the seeds to germinate and just start sprouting when they dig them up, taking the bean leaving the nibbled off shoots on the ground.  I had covered one of the raised beds with fleece but this was no deterrent and the beans suffered the same fate.
7 January - stolen beans sown Nov/Dec
To prevent future loss in this way, I will sow the seeds in pots and plant out once they are established.

On Wednesday 8 January I started chitting my first early potatoes, Red Duke of York.  This variety had been so successful last year and I am hoping for similar results this year.  I could do this in the comfort of home as the heavy rain has returned.  I started the chitting process indoors and then moved them to chit in the garden shed - I say shed but it is an adapted concrete garage with good windows and a large dry, airy space.

..
8 January - Duke of York (red) starting off in egg boxes

On 12 January, the rain had eased off and I tackled a bit more clearing of the old brassica bed.  I also lifted the remaining leeks, most of which had some levels of infestation alium leaf fly, but about a third of the crop was edible.  It is advisable to take all the plant material off-site as the pupae can survive over the winter in the ground or in the compost heap and obviously crop rotation is important to avoid future problems.  The fly can infect all aliums and once infected there is no remedy. Fortunately, this year, the onions escaped.

12 January - last of the leeks 
In addition to the brassica bed, we had planted a couple of Brussels sprouts plants in one of the raised beds and these were ready for harvesting.
12 January - Brussels Sprouts
I was also able to pick a reasonable quantity of kalettes

12 January - kalettes
I had made a start clearing the area around the pond.  We have an Iris plant next to the pond and water Irises growing in pots in the pond. A water lily placed in the pond last year is growing some leaves that have almost reached the surface and it was time to remove some of the dense pond weed that was covering the surface and to cut back the papyrus.

Mid January
We intend to create a sitting area adjacent to the pond and to plant some ground covering plants between the sitting area and the pond and to plant some traditional wild flowers on the opposite side.

The allotment shop and the local garden centre were out of Aquadulce broad beans (which are most suitable for autumn and winter sowing) so I bought Bunyard's Exhibition and sowed them in pots at home.  Within a week they had germinated and were showing through by 14 January - just before we were about to take off for a week in search of some sunshine!

14 January - Bunyard's Exhibition broad beans

14 January -  Bunyard's Exhibition broad beans

We took off for Spain in time to catch the Santa Pola Half Marathon which was dry with clear blue skies for the elite runners.

16 January Santa Pola Half Marathon
Shortly after the elite runners were home, however, the sky darkened, the wind got up and we were treated to several days of storm force winds, thunder and lightning and really heavy rain.




Back home the weather was calmer, but colder.  In the few days we had been away, the broad beans had grown considerably and needed to be put outside to harden off.

21 January - Bunyard's Exhibition broad beans
We harvested the last of the Brussels sprouts


22 January
Over the weekend, I managed to get some help from Luke in removing couch grass, bindweed and invasive brambles on the soon-to-be potato patch.

25 January - Luke hard at work
And on 27 January, I planted out the broad beans that had been growing at home.


27 January - Bunyard's Exhibition broad beans
The autumn sown Aquadulce were doing well and some were beginning to show the signs of flower formation - just hoping we don't get a sudden frost.

27 January Aquadulce broad beans (October sowing)

27 January Aquadulce broad beans (October sowing)

Back at the house it was time to start chitting the first of the second early potatoes.  Again I chose a variety, Charlotte, which had been so successful last year and which produces tasty, waxy new potatoes.  



28 January - chitting Charlotte second early potatoes
I feel we have made some progress this month despite the bad weather and we have still been picking chard and spinach - so more Spanakopita (Greek Spinach and Feta pie)!

The month ended very wet and I'm afraid the weather forecast for February indicates more heavy rain.

John Austin

Hove, January 2020

Friday, 10 January 2020

Life on the Weald - December 2019

Life on the Weald - December 2019

Very little work was done on the plot in December, partly because of frequent heavy rain, partly because of the General Election campaign - the election had been called for 12 December - and partly because of preparations for Christmas.

The month started with a warning from the allotment federation of the widespread infestation of leek miner across the City.

The leeks which I had planted out earliest looked healthy enough and on my first visit of the month I lifted one to check and was pleasantly surprised to find that it was without disease. 

5 December Leek

My good fortune, however, was not to last long.  A few days later I lifted a few more for our dinner and found that we did indeed have the dreaded disease.

8 December Leek showing damage caused by leaf miner
The leeks that I had planted out later all seemed to be infected.  The Alium leaf miner has two generations a year and can infect leeks, onions and garlic.  When I planted my onions and garlic in November, I covered them with fleece so hope they might escape attack.

Each year the first generation female flies lay eggs on the stems or base of leaves during March and April.  The second generation repeats the process in October to November, and it is this period which is the most damaging.  The maggots bore into the foliage or stems and after a couple of weeks are fully fed and turn into little brown pupae. This takes place in the stems but some pupae may end up in the soil, especially where the plants may have rotted.

The damage leads to leaves splitting and when peeling off the layers, long brown streaks can be seen.  Whilst some of the crop may still be edible it is important to remove all the trimmings from the site and they should not be composted because they may contain the pupae. There are no suitable insecticides that can be used to prevent this attack.  And as there may be some pupae in the ground, crop rotation is essential and leeks, onions, shallots, garlic should not be planted in the same area in successive years.

We had better news with the Medlars.  In the previous month we had put them in trays in the garden shed to blet.  Medlars do not ripen on the tree and have to be bletted - a process of beginning to rot where starch in the fruit is turned to sugars.  A fuller account of medlars and the process of bletting can be found in my blog on medlars from 2018

"A fruit, vulgarly called an open arse; of which it is more truly than delicately said, that it is never ripe till it is as rotten as a turd, and then it is not worth a fart." 18Century Anon

8 December, bletted medlars

8 December - a bletted medlar
We did find time to make some medlar jelly to give as presents for Christmas.

In the post election depression, I was cheered by a visit to the plot to gather large quantities of kalettes and these have been one of the great successes of 2019.


14 December, Kalettes on the stem
14 December, Kalettes ready for the steamer
 We were also able to harvest lots of cavolo nero


14 December - Cavolo nero

We still had a surfeit of apples - we had made lots of apple jelly, had used some to add to the medlars for extra pectin. We cooked and froze some as apple purée, made apple pie and gave loads away - but there were still a lot left over and they were beginning to deteriorate so we decided to try to make apple cider vinegar. We started off the process just before Xmas by covering the chopped apples with cooled boiled water and adding sugar and covering with muslin to keep out flies etc to let the fermentation process start.


apples fermenting for our cider vinegar

They were in the conservatory for three weeks and there was a distinct appley and yeasty smell so we parked the bowls in the garden shed over the Xmas period and will see how things are going in the New Year.

Just before Christmas my daughter, Zoë, and her family arrived and on Xmas Eve she joined me on the plot to harvest the Brussels Sprouts
Zoë comes to help on Christmas Eve
Me
Zoë





We also picked some Kale and Chard for her to take home when she left on Boxing Day. 

We had a couple of days to recover before the arrival of my sons, Damien and Toby and their families.  In between, whilst Sylvia was changing all the beds, I made one last visit to the allotment to pick spinach and chard to make Spanakopita - (spinach and feta cheese filo pie) for their arrival.  That was the last I would see of the allotment for 2019.  

On New Year's Eve I was taken for a hike on the South Downs at Devil's Dyke by my sons, Damien and Toby and their families
31 December Damien and Toby lead the expedition
On the South Downs 31 Dec
And later that evening some of us went down to Hove beach by the lagoon to see out the old year...

Shay, Sharon, Damien, Oisín and Toby
 ...and see in the new


Sharon, Me, Shay, Damien, Toby and Oisín 

Happy New Year

John Austin

Hove, December 2019


Wednesday, 8 January 2020

MEDLAR JELLY

Medlar Jelly

For more information about Medlars check out my blog from November 2018, Medlars

We received a supply of medlars from our usual source and for the second year made some medlar jelly adapting a recipe from Nigel Slater.  Medlars, as explained in my earlier blog do not ripen on the tree and need to be bletted.

Having received our medlars we placed them on a tray and put them in a fairly dark place in the garden shed


unripe medlars

Afte two to three weeks, most had bletted successfully.  A couple had shown signs of mould and these were discarded.  There were also a few which had not completed the process but to make the jelly a few unripe medlars are helpful as they are rich in pectin which aids setting of the jelly. 

successfully bletted

bletted medlars

We also had a surfeit of apples this year and decided to add a few of the sound windfalls to the mix for added pectin.

windfall apples on the allotment

We used the rest of the sound apples and some still on the tree to make apple jelly using my recipe from 2018

Some recipes suggest chopping the medlars but as ours were so ripe I just pulled them in half, squeezed them and placed them in a pan and covered with water, adding the juice of two lemons and the squeezed lemons (peel and pips). I also added a few of the apples (stalks removed), roughly chopped including cores and pips.


bletted medlars being squished for the pan

With the squished medlars, chopped apples and squeezed lemon covered with water I brought the pan gently to the boil.

medlars being brought to the boil

medlar mixture simmering

I left the pan simmering gently for about 40 minutes. As you can see from the pictures, it does not look particularly appetising - and don't be tempted to taste it, otherwise you might just give up on the whole process.  Indeed I had my doubts that this mixture would ever produce a clear and tasty jelly.  During the simmering process, the fruit mixture can be pressed with a potato masher to ensure all the juice is extracted.

The entire contents are then poured into a jelly bag, suspended over a bowl and left overnight (or for 12-24 hours) for the juice to drip through.

At this point you will be relieved to see a clear amber to pinkish liquid dripping through.

Jelly bags and stands are readily available in cookshops and on-line, but if you don't have one a couple of squares of muslin will do either draped over a colander or large sieve or pinned/tied to the legs of an upside down stool or chair (which is what I used to do when I made jellies with my mother in my youth) with a bowl underneath.  Just make sure the muslin is clean and has been sterilised with boiling water.

Do not prod or squeeze the bag!  Its very tempting as you can always extract more juice and it is thick and sticky and will aid the setting BUT it will make the jelly cloudy. Squeezing won't spoil the taste; it will increase the quantity, but you won't have that beautiful clear jelly.

Measure the juice and put in a stainless steel pan and add sugar in the quantity 
750g of sugar for every litre of juice, or a pound to a pint in "old money". Using less sugar will produce a sharper tasting jelly, which I prefer, but reducing too much might make it difficult to get a good set.


Heat gently, stirring all the time until the sugar has dissolved then bring to a rapid boil. Keep a watchful eye as it may suddenly foam up. Take care that it doesn't boil over by lowering the heat..

Boil rapidly until the setting point is reached, probably after 20 minutes - but could be shorter or longer.  The best way to test for setting point is with a thermometer, which should read 220C, but I don't have one (must put it on the Xmas Wish List!), so I rely on the cold plate method.  Drop a little of the jelly on a cold, dry plate and leave in a cool place for a couple of minutes. If it forms a skin which wrinkles when you draw your finger across it then setting point has been reached.  If it doesn't set, boil a little longer and then repeat the test.

When setting point has been reached, remove from heat and skim off any scum that appears on the surface with a metal spoon.


The jelly can now be poured into warm, sterilised jars and the lids screwed on tightly.

You should have a beautifully clear jelly.  


ready for pouring into sterilised jars


The jars should be stored in a cool dark place as the jelly will darken and lose some clarity with age.


the finished product


To prevent this, the best suggestion is eat it as soon as possible and, if you have too much, give it to your friends and neighbours.  You will be very popular!  It is delicious on toast or can be eaten with hard cheeses or meat, especially game (Nigel Slater recommends it with pheasant) but it goes very well with fatty lamb or pork.  You can also add a spoonful to your gravy (or jus!).

Enjoy!

John Austin

Hove, December 2019